Which type of law defines an individual's obligations to society as a whole, typically in cases where the state is suing an individual?

The correct choice is based on the concept that criminal law concerns itself with behaviors that are offenses against the public, society, or the state, rather than just one individual. It establishes what actions are classified as crimes, the penalties for those crimes, and the legal processes to be followed in prosecuting offenders. When the state takes action against an individual accused of a crime, this is categorized under criminal law, emphasizing the state's role in maintaining order and ensuring justice on behalf of society as a whole.

In contrast, civil law primarily deals with disputes between individuals or entities, covering areas such as contracts and torts. Substantive law refers to the body of law that defines rights and duties, whereas procedural law outlines how courts should conduct trials and other legal proceedings. These distinctions clarify why criminal law is the most appropriate answer for defining obligations to society when the state is involved in a lawsuit against an individual.